Tim Burton Cinematic Techniques Essay Example

Tim Burton: Cinematic Techniques Paper Cinematic Techniques used by Tim Burton in His Movies Tim Burton main style of movie is Gothic. There are many different types of cinematic techniques all used to communicate meaning and evoke different emotional reactions with the viewers. In most of his movies he is trying to evoke a gothic feeling. For example he uses sound, lighting, and different types of shots and framing. You can observe some of those techniques in his movies, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, Beetle Juice, Edward Scissor Hands and more. Sound is a main cinematic technique that Tim Burton uses. There are two types of sound, diegetic and non-diegetic. Those types of sounds are used in different ways. A diegetic sound is one that could logically be heard by the characters in a film. Non-diegetic is one that cannot be heard by the characters but is designed for audience reaction only. Sound also sets the mood for a scene. For example, in Edward scissor hands, when the woman was showing him around their house for the first time a happy upbeat sound was playing to set a happy mood. Another example is when the woman went up into Edwards’s house; dark sad music was playing to match the scary setting. We will write a custom essay sample on Tim Burton: Cinematic Techniques specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Tim Burton: Cinematic Techniques specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Tim Burton: Cinematic Techniques specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In most films sound will match the setting or mood of the scene. However even though sound is a factor in setting the mood of a film, lighting also plays a role. Lighting is a part of the scene. If the setting of the scene is dark and gloomy the lighting will be low key, which is when the scene is flooded with shadows and darkness to portray suspense or suspicion. If the setting of the scene is a bright flower garden, the lighting will mostly be High key, which means the scene is flooded with light creating a bright mood. An example of Tim Burton using these would be in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory; when everything and everyone was black and white unless it was a part of Willy Wonka. He used low key with everything black and white except Willy Wonka things to evoke the viewer’s emotions to feel as though, if you weren’t apart of Willy Wonka then you were not bright, colorful, and happy. This same technique is used in some of his other movies. A shot is a single piece of film uninterrupted by cuts. In Tim Burton’s movies, you may not notice, but he uses multiple types of shots. A few are, long shot, which is shot from distance, shows isolation or vulnerability of the person, and Medium shot, which is when the camera is medium distance away from character, and it is usually used to ground the story. An example of long shot is during the movie Beetle Juice; Beetle Juice was sitting on the grave stone alone shot from a long distance, the shot portrayed a sense of vulnerability and loneliness. Also in the movie Beetle juice, when the family and guests dance around the table singing, it is shot at a medium distance, which makes it a medium shot, which grounded the story. So as you can see there are many different types of cinematic techniques used to communicate meaning and evoke different emotional reactions with the viewers. Sound, lighting, and shot type are only a few; there are many other important cinematic techniques that Tim Burton uses. You can observe more techniques and really notice which ones he uses and understand why in his movies. A couple would be Beetle Juice, Edwards Scissors Hands, Charlie and The Chocolate Factory, and many more.

Macbeth Essays (945 words) - Characters In Macbeth, Free Essays

Macbeth Essays (945 words) - Characters In Macbeth, Free Essays Macbeth Macbeth is the epitome of what the literary world regards a "tragic hero". His admirable qualities are supplanted with greed and hate when he is duped by the three witches. Thunder and lightning. Enter three Witches. Yes, it is the first scene from William Shakespeare's Macbeth, a tragic tale of one man's quest for power and his ultimate defeat. The story revolves around our tragic hero, Macbeth, and how an admirable and noble man, so established in society, can fall so greatly. Throughout the play, he is driven by an obsession to become King of Scotland, and in the process commits acts of betrayal and treachery to achieve this goal. However, Macbeth is not the only character involved in this sordid affair. His wife, the manipulative Lady Macbeth, three prophetic witches and members of the Scottish aristocracy all play pivotal in the drama. Lady Macbeth, the great woman behind the man, plots, scheme and propels Macbeth into a nightmare of falsehood and guilt. The wiches, or weird sisters, embody the supernatural element of this tragedy. With their imperfect predictions and calculated duplicity, they created chaos in Macbeth's mind as they toy wit! h his sense of security. The Scottish aristocracy comprises of King Duncan, the two princes - Malcolm and Donalbain, and various other thanes and nobles, including Macbeth's friend Banquo. They serve as barriers for Macbeth and, regardless of friend or foe, he chooses to either "fall down, or else o'er-leap" these hurdles. However, one hurdle that proves too great is his nemesis: Macduff. After Macbeth's false sense of security is shattered, a mighty swipe of Macduff's sword releases Macbeth from a tangled web of desire, design and deceit. Macbeth has, as his wife says, the milk of human kindness (which was not a cliche when the play was written), the kind of affection that many people have for others when self-interest is not rampant. He has a high regard for Duncan and Banquo, defaming the latter only once (III.i.74 ff.). He differs from Duncan in this regard in that the King's charity is of a quality that works to transform human society into a family and that, as G. R. Elliott points out, "makes the spirit of Duncan persist through the play after his death." Nevertheless, Macbeth shares in a somewhat limited way in the moral nature of manhood as seen in I.vii.46-47, as E. M. Waith observes, without wanting to contract himself at the urgings of his wife into a paragon of energy, energy simply devoted to utterly selfish ends. Macbeth thus differs from Macduff, who more fully realizes both the valorous and moral nature of manhood, and from Richard III, who is a melodramatic villain and indeed a scourge of God. Macbeth, unlike Richard, is not completely hardened even at the end of the play. He exhibits remorse immediately after the murder of Duncan, and he repeatedly displays anguish after commission of his atrocities. In proposing the savage murder of Macduff's family, he speaks of these "unfortunate" souls (IV.i.152) without attaching irony or sadism to this adjective. The passage "I have lived long enough" (V.iii.22-28) is not, in its apprehension of the failure of a life, the utterance of a thorough reprobate like Richard; and "poor heart" (V.iii.28) is analogous to "unfortunate souls." Macbeth, unlike Richard, is self- tortured and thus wins of us a degree of sympathy. Macbeth is utterly free from Richard's savage humor as seen, for example, in his jesting about sending Clarence to Heaven post-post-haste. Unlike Iago, Macbeth is unequipped with a philosophy of egoism. Unlike Lady Macbeth, he does not pray to have his nature altered. He makes no formal compact, as Faustus does, with the Devil. He never chastises his wife for her failure to bear sons though his ambition is dynastic rather than personal, and even though, whatever Renaissance medical theory may have taught, royal practice as observable in the reign of Henry VIII held the wife rather than the husband to blame for lack of issue. Although there is slight evidence that Macbeth uses Lady Macbeth not to form his murderous intent toward Duncan but to give him courage and practical insight into the way this piece of regicide may be committed, he vacillates

Analysis of protocol for Management of Hypertension in Adults Research Paper

Analysis of protocol for Management of Hypertension in Adults - Research Paper Example A decision to embark upon antihypertensive therapy effectively commits the patient to life-long treatment, hence it is vital that blood pressure (BP) monitoring and management be taken seriously by pursuing the set norms and protocols to safeguard individuals from numerous predicaments (High Blood Pressure). The present article is an analysis of the Protocol For Management Of Hypertension in Adults to have a deeper understanding for hypertension measurement. Blood Pressure Measurement "Protocol For Management Of Hypertension In Adults" is based on the guidelines of National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) for the hypertension management in adults in primary care. The protocol lays emphasis on the accuracy and precision of the blood pressure management, appropriate training of the health care provider and periodic review of the individual suspected or confirmed with the condition of hypertension. This holds true because precision is imperative in measurement of blood pressure. Any inaccuracy in the measurement of blood pressure may turn out to be overwhelming. Measurement of blood pressure is the most prevalent assessment in clinics, interpretation or analysis of the results or outcomes procured are responsible for future implications, an imperative step for the individual whose BP is measured. Any error in the reading or ignorance in taking the exact reading or taking a low reading than actual, may deprive the individual from taking medication at the right time and thereby enhances the susceptibility of the person for stroke or heart attack. Alternatively, if the person is normal and the measurement of the blood pressure is taken high the individual may be exposed to the BP lowering medication without any basis. These may result in serious implications, therefore, it is highly imperative to get an accurate measurement of blood pressure (O’Brien, et al, 2010; Hypertensive Crises: Recognition and Management). The current protocol emphasizes on the appropriate servicing and calibration of the equipment. As blood pressure is a hemodynamic variable, to get an accurate reading of blood pressure it is highly essential to have a validated measuring device in clinical settings in order to prevent erroneous outcomes. As per the protocol routine blood pressure measurement must be performed at least every 5 years until the age of 80 years, under normal circumstances, every individual who is around 40 years of age or above must get the BP checkup as a routine in 5 years to avert morbidity and mortality caused due to hypertension (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, 2011). However, the current protocol does not mention that treatment and care should consider individual requirement, i.e. care should be person-centred care, which is well explained in the protocol of National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, (2011). The current protocol does not lay emphasis on development of excellent communication skill, wh ich is essential for better compliance and prognosis and is also encouraged by evidence- based research studies. The protocol provided by National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, (2011) on the other hand, facilitates individuals to accomplish learned decisions about their care all. The current protocol further emphasize the fact that individuals with above normal values with the range of 135-139/85-89

Middle East Resturant and Supermarket Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Middle East Resturant and Supermarket - Essay Example This paper discusses a business plan that Best Choice, a new medium sized restaurant and supermarket located in Sydney, will emulate in its effort to serve its market segment. Being a business that is focused at providing its Middle East based customers with quality food and Coffee, Best Choice will employ various marketing strategies in order to remain competitive in the local market. Mission statement Best Choice mission is to provide excellent services to the Arab community with an aim of increasing its total sales. Additionally, the business is focused on providing quality foods that are in line with the culture of the Canadian people thus resulting to a strong customer loyalty and trust. Our focus is establishing strong positive relationship with our customers with an aim of increasing annual sales and enjoying sustainable profits. Management team Best Choice will be owned by the founders, Abdulaziz, Nawaf and Saad. In order to ensure that the objectives of the business are achi eved, Best Choice is in the process of training new employees who will take over the management duties in future. In its effort to ensure that the directors are aware of their duties, the firm has initiated effective allocation of tasks. For example, Abdulaziz will be in charge of the whole business. This includes approval of budgets and payments to suppliers, chairing of all the company meetings among other duties. Nawaf, on the other hand, will be responsible for recruiting and training of new employees as well as being in charge of personal facilities in the company. Saad main duties include ensuring the safety of the workers in addition to procuring of the goods and services that the business will require in its operations. The chart below indicates the organizational arrangement that the business will emulate. Objectives To increase sales by over 20,000 $ in the first year of operation To increase the level of satisfaction for our customers Present our culture to all our custom ers in the local and international market. Marketing approach Best Choice will first target Arab community. Similarly, the business is targeted at attracting more local people including Canadians who are working in Sydney. Due to its needs to increase annual sales, the restaurant targets middle aged people. In our effort to create a strong positive relationship with customers, we will provide two key ways that our customers will use to buy their products. These include walking into the store and ordering the delivery of their favorite products through the telephone. In our endeavor to maintain loyalty of our customers, we will emulate a marketing mix that includes the 4Ps (product, price, promotion and place.) Product Best Choice main products include Arabic food and beverages. Through the product diversification, our firm is focused on providing quality brands that meet the needs of local people. It is worth noting that due to the increasing population in Sydney, our business will enjoy an increased demand of our primary products thus resulting to high sales. Price Our business aim is to offer low priced products without compromising the quality. Since our target market is the middle aged consumers, our low prices will attract the attention of new and young consumers who are not financially very stable. To ensure that we have a reasonable control of the market, we are focused at adopting penetrative pricing technique. This will entail lowering

Security Informatics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Security Informatics - Essay Example Sine examples of well known companies that have suffered huge losses due to cyber attackers corrupting or manipulating their data resources are Yahoo, AOL, E-bay, Citibank and Egghead.com. This effectively brings us to the first reason why firms share information regarding their security state. To strengthen one’s information security numerous organizations recognized a key factor being the gathering, analysis and sharing of information related to the actual, as well as all unsuccessful attempts at, computer security beaches. This very notion lead to the formation of the industry- based Information Sharing and Analysis Centers (ISACs) which aimed at enhancing protection of the cyber infrastructure of various firms. By this mutual collaboration, despite the fact that various companies reveal information that could be considered embarrassing regarding their security state, they benefit greatly in other ways. These being on receiving end of various security practices and solution s which would result in the production of much more secure products and an increase in the overall market demand for security enhancing software and hardware. True there are several benefits if the firm chooses not to disclose information about their security state in terms of financial costs incurred post disclosure, the negative publicity that might result in loss of market shares and an increase in the likelihood of leakages by increasing the number of holder’s of the information regarding sensitive security flaws. However the firms after a cost-benefit analysis chose to share security information due to two key advantages. The first is the private firm specific benefit which aims at preventing further security breaches and future fraud losses. By spending on identifying and repairing existing vulnerabilities the firm cuts costs in terms a prevention of future security threats. Furthermore the increased amount of sales due to an acquisition of a better security reputation and goodwill as a result of these measures more than covers up the initial financial cost invested. By reporting a security breach to central monitoring the firm effectively sends a strong message to the customer that portrays them as responsible, committed to developing rigorous security procedures designed to protect and take care of the customer and a company more reliable as well as secure. This positive image does wonders for the company in terms of profitability and market share. The industry benefits are the other reason for information sharing by companies. As there is an increase in the overall customers’ trust in transacting with a particular firm it directly affects the overall market size within the industry. This increase in the customer base simply by addressing their fears of privacy and information security related issues leads to more cross selling and upsellling by companies. B2C e-commerce is also positively impacted for the very same reason. Look at the wo nders Amazon’s efforts in terms of protecting the integrity of customers’ data and increasing confidence in online purchases has paved way for numerous online businesses to initiate operations and be acceptable to consumers. There are three dimensions of uncertainty that exist in vulnerabilities. Firstly there is representativeness, which is mainly applied in order to assess the probability that an object or an event A belongs another process B. Availability of

Ethical Dilemma During Community Nursing

Ethical Dilemma During Community Nursing This reflective account will discuss an ethical dilemma which arose during a placement within a community setting. To assist the reflection process, the Gibbs (1988) Reflective Cycle which encompasses 6 stages; description, thoughts and feelings, evaluation, analysis, conclusion and action plan will be used which will improve and strengthen my nursing skills by continuously learning from both good and bad experiences, and develop my self confidence in relation to caring for others (Siviter 2008). To comply with the Nursing and Midwifery Code of Conduct (NMC) (2008) and maintain confidentiality all names have been changed and therefore for the purpose of this reflection the patient will be referred to as Bob. Bob is a forty four year old man who has been receiving aggressive and invasive treatment for several months in the form of chemotherapy in an attempt to cure his Hodgkinsons lymphoma cancer. Throughout the treatment Bob remained positive that he would be able to put the worries behind him and live a normal life with his partner and teenage daughter. However, Bob was unable to control his body temperature, which was a possible sign the chemotherapy had not been successful and was offered further investigations to establish his prognosis. Whilst my mentor who is a Community Matron, was talking to Bob, his partner Sue took me to one side and asked me if the investigations revealed bad news would it be possible to withhold this information from Bob because she felt he would not be able to deal with a poor prognosis and would give up hope. Prior to Bobs original admission the possibility of f the chemotherapy failing was discussed but he refused to consider this was an option and was convinced the condition could be treated successfully. I explained to Sue that this situation was outside of my area of expertise but with her permission would discuss it with my mentor and ask her to contact Sue at a mutually convenient time to discuss further. My mentor contacted Sue and advised her that she would discuss the situation with Bobs Consultant once they had received the results of his tests. However, my mentor diplomatically informed Sue that she has no legal right to insist that information be kept from Robert (Dimond 2005). As expected Bobs test results concluded the chemotherapy treatment was unsuccessful. Considering what he knew of Bob, the consultant agreed it would be advantageous to withhold the diagnosis from him. Therefore it was agreed to discuss Bobs test results with his partner. Thoughts and feelings In the first instance I felt that the Consultant was ethically wrong to withhold the results of the investigations from Bob and not necessarily acting in his best interests. I felt that in order to ensure Bobs rights were protected and to give him the opportunity to be involved in his own plan of care he should be informed of the outcome of the tests. Bob had the capacity to consent and as during my placement would be acting as an advocate for him. I felt that if I was in Bobs position, I would want to know what the outcome of any investigations were and it did not seen right that the diagnosis would be documented in his records and his family and possibly friends around him would be aware of his diagnosis whilst he was kept in the dark. I felt that if we were to visit on a regular basis that I would feel very uncomfortable knowing something that had been kept from him and possibly have to lie to him or avoid answering directly when asked difficult questions. I also felt that his fam ily were taking away his freedom to make an informed choice about his forthcoming care. Analysis Evaluation Barbosa da Silva (2002) defines an ethical dilemma as: A situation where a person experiences a conflict where he or she is obliged to perform two or more duties, but realizes that whoever action he or she chooses will be an ethically wrong one. Kuupelomaki and Lauri (1998) and Roy and MacDonald (1998) agree that health professionals are faced with many ethical dilemmas when caring for terminally ill cancer patients and communicating the diagnosis and subsequently prognosis is one of the most common dilemmas experienced. Alexander et al (2001) state that it is not unusual for relatives to ask a Consultant to withhold information. Kenworthy et al (2002) say that these requests are made out of compassion and love. However, Rumbold (2002) disagrees and suggests it is often the relatives who are unable to cope and have difficulty in coming to terms with the impending prognosis. Dimond (2005) agrees and adds that withholding the truth can be harmful or lead to a conspiracy of silence but may be justifiable if it is in the patients best interest not to know. Buckman (1988) also appears to agree pointing out receiving bad news can have a negative and drastic effect on a patients view of their future. The mentor acted in the correct manner speaking to Bobs consultant and agreeing with him to withhold the diagnosis from the patient. Dimond (2005) states that Nurses have a duty to adhere to the Consultants decision even when they are in disagreement. The Consultant made a professional decision to discuss the diagnosis and prognosis with Bobs partner. Rumbold (2002) identifies it is the correct decision to give information to family members when it is deemed that it is not medically advisable to inform the patient. Although patients may insist on being told of their diagnosis Consultants have the power to withhold information, there is no clear right in law even if the patient is exercising their right under the Data Protection Act 1998 (Dimond 2005). However, Harris (1994) argues that for Consultants to act in such a way is paternalistic. Paternalism is when others believe they are acting in the individuals own best interests, whilst not affording them individual control over their own life, although concern for the individuals welfare is paramount, it omits respect for the individuals autonomy (Harris, 1994). However, Tingle and Cribb (2005), argue that there are two types of paternalism. Hard paternalism is acting on an individuals behalf because they feel qualified to do so, whereas soft paternalism is about making decisions on behalf of the individual whilst they are unable to exercise their own autonomy and feel they are doing so in the best interests of the patient. My feelings were that Robert had a right to know the truth about his diagnosis, this is identified by Tingle and Cribb (2005) as a deontological position, whereby obligations and duties to tell the truth overrides the justification of behavior, even when that action can be justified to be in the best interests of the patients. The principles of beneficence (promote goodness) and non-malifience (cause no harm) are fundamental ethical principles surrounding the decision to tell or not to tell a patient the truth regarding their diagnosis (Alexander, Fawcett, Runciman, 2001). Rumbold (2002) identifies that health professionals should act according to the principles of beneficence and non-malifience, and states that withholding information or telling a lie is unethical and denies the individual autonomy. Rumbold (2002) argues that autonomy enables the individual to think, decide, and make decisions freely and independently based on information given. Nevertheless I felt that Bob could not be autonomous when he did not know the truth regarding his diagnosis and thus denying him the right to make informed decisions surrounding his death. Although my values and beliefs differed from the Consultants, I was aware that I had to uphold his decision. Essentially, the consultant has clinical responsibility for patients Rumbold (2002). However, Kenworthy, Snowley and Gilling (2002) state that professionals who override an individuals autonomy for doing good a dilemma exists. A dilemma can be described as a variance between personal beliefs, feelings and principles where different answers to a situation exists, although several courses of action may be taken each can be morally justified (Royal College of Nursing, 2000). Essentially the courses of action that could have been taken for Bob were to tell the truth or not, both positions could be morally justified, to tell the truth would enable Robert to be autonomous, however withholding the truth prevents Robert losing hope. Saunders (1991) however argues that healthcare professionals need to question whose needs they are seeking to meet. This is supported by McCarthy (1996) who states that healthcare professionals have a tendency to assume they know what there patients needs are. This made me feel that the Consultant and my mentor were colluding with Roberts wife and subsequently they were meeting her needs by withholding information thus ignoring Robertss right to be autonomous. I therefore found that I was involved in a personal ethical dilemma related to veracity (truth telling) honesty and withholding information (Begley and Blackwood, 2000). Fry and Johnstone (2002) believe the principle of veracity lies with the individual not to deceive or tell a lie therefore tell the truth to others. Research in to truth telling and patient diagnosis carried out by Sullivan (2001) suggests that ninety-nine per cent of patients want to be informed of their diagnosis and felt that Doctors had an obligation to tell them the truth. However, ten Have and Clark (2002) argue that when diagnosis is imparted abruptly it can provoke denial, impair adaptation and psychologically harm the patient. McGuigan (1999) states that it is difficult to predict how patients will react to bad news, she suggests that the procedure for news should be slow, this then enables the patient time to absorb information given. I believed that Robert had a right to know and felt that we would not be unduly harming him by informing him of his diagnosis. Anxiety, fear of death are all obvious signs when patients face life threatening illness Mason (2002). This is supported by Golds (2004) research who identifies that patients rarely suffer greater anxiety, depression, sadness, or despair on being informed of their diagnosis. Open honesty is encouraged by McGuigan (1999) who believes that as a result of being informed patients have a greater trust in the healthcare professionals treating them and are able to communicate more effectively with relatives and healthcare professionals as a result. This is agreed by Seale (1997) who advocates that an open awareness of diagnosis affords the individual to have control over circumstances surrounding their death. I had been reflecting over the situation and realised it was too complex for me to handle therefore I sought guidance from my mentor. Although she would normally take a deontological position, she informed me that she was taking a utilitarian position in this case therefore acting within the principle of beneficience (do good) and acting in the best interests of Robert. Tingle and Cribb (2005) state that individuals who act on the principle of utilitarianism are acting in a way which yields the greatest happiness to all parties concerned regardless of the motives for taking these actions. My mentor and I also reflected on the conversation she had with Roberts wife prior to his test results. It was felt that Robert was currently in denial and telling him of his diagnosis could potentially harm him, he may lose all hope therefore she was adhering to the principle of non-malificence (prevent harm). Research carried out by Kubler-Ross (1969) (although an old reference it is still used today in Kenworthy, Snowley, Gilling, 2002), identified denial as being the first stage of adjustment to the prospect of death by patients, she believes that individuals deny the reality of the situation and are unable to face up to the prospect of death. She also argues that it is the retreat in to denial that isolates the individual and as a consequence, communication is compromised between patients and healthcare professionals. Kubler-Rosss research has been endorsed by Buckman (1988) research however he suggests that patients go through reactions as opposed to stages. Nonetheless, Evans and Walsh (2002) identify that it is often the healthcare professionals feelings of helplessness with the situation that leads them to believe that patients who hope for a cure are in denial of their disease. Nevertheless, Kenworthy, Snowley, Gilling (2002) argue that it would be unethical and damaging to forc e a patient in to facing the truth about their diagnosis. I therefore realised that it would be unethical and be detrimental to force Robert to face the truth about his diagnosis, if we took away his hope of a cure we would only leave him with fear. Mason (2002) believes that in terminal illness hope and fear are synonymous to each other if hope is taken away patients are only left with fear. She also states that a patients hope is fundamental and something to be protected. This is supported by Buckley and Herth (2004) who identify that hope of a cure in terminal illness is immeasurable. In addition, Mason (2002) argues that hope is an individuals right and even in the final stages of death patients hold on to hope. Conclusion Reflecting back we had not actually lied to Robert as I had once presumed, although he was aware that further tests had been carried out he had never enquired about the results. I believe that if I were ever faced with this type of situation again I would be more conscious of my patient feelings, listening and hearing what they are saying, thereby my approach would be more holistic rather than clinical. By analysing my decisions I realise that I was blinkered and had stuck rigidly to the NMC (2004), not fully appreciating that the NMC (2004) has policies and parameters for which a registered nurse can work within, which enables a nurse to be proactive and use their professional judgement (Seedhouse, 1998). Next time I would not be judgemental but look at the surrounding issues related to decision making. I had condemned the Consultant and my mentor for their decision and believed they were acting paternalistic, however I realise their decisions were based on their knowledge of Robert in addition to their experience and expertise. Benner (1984) suggests that an expert has the expertise and principles from which to make informed decisions based on their experience, training and practice which enables the expert to be holistic in their approach to patient care of which the novice has yet to gain and develop. Reflecting over my decisions and feelings made me realise that I was a complete novice. This is supported by Benner (1984) (in Baillie 2001), who states that novices have no basis from which to apply their principles it is only in a clinical setting that experience can be gained, however novice can also be applied to nurses working in unfamiliar surroundings. I now believe that I was guilty of paternalism believing my own beliefs and values were right. I had assumed that Robert needed to know of his diagnosis if he was to be autonomous. To conclude I now realise that in terminal illness it can be question of when to inform the patient of bad news. I believe that Robert was clearly not ready to accept the truth at that time therefore withholding information had been the right decision. Arguably Robert was autonomous, it was his decision to hope for a cure therefore it would have been unethical and morally wrong to take that away. However, the circumstances surrounding this decision could only be applied to Roberts situation. I believe that as a Nurse I will be involved in ethical dilemmas again however I feel that now I my decisions will be based on each unique patient recognising their own individual needs and wants. By using the Gibbs (1988) reflective framework cycle it has enabled me to analyse, question, move forward, learn and make sense of my actions. I am now aware that reflection is a continual learning process in nursing. Rather than condemn myself where I think I have failed I have been able to turn it in to a positive learning experience and apply this newly gained knowledge in to my future practices Action Plan

Unpacking the ‘Education’ in Civic Education :: Education Learning essays

Unpacking the ‘Education’ in Civic Education Abstract Unpacking the ‘Education’ in Civic Education In this paper, we explore civic education through an examination of two approaches to the introductory course in American government. Our goal is to identify how differences in pedagogical method affect student learning and attitude formation. We do this through a comparison of two equivalent groups of students; one group experiencing a standard text-lecture-test approach and the other having the additional experience of a three-week character-playing simulation of the congressional policy process. While we find that both groups of students make short-term gains on factual knowledge and both experience attitude shifts in our hoped for directions, the effects are greater in the standard lecture course. Our overall findings help clarify directions for further revision in both formats of the course. The importance of civic education has been well-established. From the earliest political theorists, we see discussion of the importance of a well-informed citizenry for the health of a polity. While skeptical of the power of the people to self-govern, the framers of American democracy still argued that the ultimate power rested in the people, who would even have the right to overthrow government should it violate the â€Å"social contract† with those over whom it governed (as in the Declaration of Independence, where we see Jefferson’s thoughts so clearly influenced by Locke). Closer to modern times, much public opinion literature has engaged in discussions about Americans’ levels of political knowledge, and the consequences that flow from this (see, for just a very few prominent examples, Campbell, Converse, Miller and Stokes 1960; Converse 1964; Delli Carpini and Keeter 1991, 1996; Graber 1994; Jennings 1996; Nie, Verba and Petrocik 1979). To our minds, civic education is about preparing our students to be citizens in the American democracy. This involves teaching them the rudiments of knowledge required for reading a newspaper (or political web site), watching the news on television, and understanding what is going on in the world. Civic education also concerns itself with attitudes; for example, teaching students to have a healthy skepticism for what goes on in government, but grounding this skepticism in a reality that does not hold unrealistic expectations for government or its officials (see Hibbing and Theiss-Morse 1995, 2002 for a useful discussion of unrealistic expectations). Finally, civic education also concerns behaviors, as we encourage students to make intelligent, informed decisions about the extent to which they will participate in the political system. Unpacking the ‘Education’ in Civic Education :: Education Learning essays Unpacking the ‘Education’ in Civic Education Abstract Unpacking the ‘Education’ in Civic Education In this paper, we explore civic education through an examination of two approaches to the introductory course in American government. Our goal is to identify how differences in pedagogical method affect student learning and attitude formation. We do this through a comparison of two equivalent groups of students; one group experiencing a standard text-lecture-test approach and the other having the additional experience of a three-week character-playing simulation of the congressional policy process. While we find that both groups of students make short-term gains on factual knowledge and both experience attitude shifts in our hoped for directions, the effects are greater in the standard lecture course. Our overall findings help clarify directions for further revision in both formats of the course. The importance of civic education has been well-established. From the earliest political theorists, we see discussion of the importance of a well-informed citizenry for the health of a polity. While skeptical of the power of the people to self-govern, the framers of American democracy still argued that the ultimate power rested in the people, who would even have the right to overthrow government should it violate the â€Å"social contract† with those over whom it governed (as in the Declaration of Independence, where we see Jefferson’s thoughts so clearly influenced by Locke). Closer to modern times, much public opinion literature has engaged in discussions about Americans’ levels of political knowledge, and the consequences that flow from this (see, for just a very few prominent examples, Campbell, Converse, Miller and Stokes 1960; Converse 1964; Delli Carpini and Keeter 1991, 1996; Graber 1994; Jennings 1996; Nie, Verba and Petrocik 1979). To our minds, civic education is about preparing our students to be citizens in the American democracy. This involves teaching them the rudiments of knowledge required for reading a newspaper (or political web site), watching the news on television, and understanding what is going on in the world. Civic education also concerns itself with attitudes; for example, teaching students to have a healthy skepticism for what goes on in government, but grounding this skepticism in a reality that does not hold unrealistic expectations for government or its officials (see Hibbing and Theiss-Morse 1995, 2002 for a useful discussion of unrealistic expectations). Finally, civic education also concerns behaviors, as we encourage students to make intelligent, informed decisions about the extent to which they will participate in the political system.

Civil War, Religion or Economy

To what extent do you accept Lawrence Stone’s view that religion rather than economic interests influenced the taking of sides among the gentry in 1642? Religion was a huge part of 17th century England, and can be seen as one of the highest contributing factors to the civil war. Most of the country consisted of Protestants with a minority of Catholics, however this did not mean there was no friction between the two. The religious quarrels began right at the start of Charles' reign, when Charles married Henrietta Maria, a French Catholic.Although Charles didn't choose to marry her – his father, James, set up the marriage – the public, especially the Puritans, didn't like having a Catholic as Queen. A few extremists even saw this as a sign that Charles was secretly Catholic! After the King dissolved Parliament, he made William Laud the Archbishop of Canterbury, in 1633. While Laud was Archbishop, he made many changes to the Church. Most of these changes involved be atifying the Church and bringing back robes for priests, statues and stained-glass windows.All these things reminded the English of Catholicism, and it did not please the Presbyterians (puritans) who believed that church should just be about â€Å"you† and God, no extravagance was required and it was considered to be unnecessary. In 1636, Archbishop Laud decided to introduce the English Prayer Book (which stated how services should be run) into Scotland. There was nationwide rioting, because no one wanted to follow the new Prayer Book. Scotland was a Presbyterian (Puritan) country, and they thought that the English Prayer Book was far too Catholic to use in Scotland.This eventually led to many Scots, called the Covenanters, marching down the country in an attempt to invade England. At this point, Charles had to call Parliament to ask for taxes to pay for the war, but was horrified to see that most of the MPs were on the Covenanters' side. Parliament agreed that the Prayer Boo k was too Catholic, so Charles dissolved them again, but after he ran out of money to pay the Scots, he was forced to call Parliament again. These actions support the view of Source 6 that the populace believed in an authoritarian popish plot to undermine English laws and liberties, and significantly â€Å"true religion†.This plot was made apparent by the â€Å"alarming† support from the â€Å"evil councillors† at court. The Grand Remonstrance’s famous phrases signify these views and suggest that it was common belief that the King and his advisors were involved in a popish plot. Parliament first put Laud on trial, and found him guilty. Later they decided to execute Strafford on charges of organising an army in Ireland, where he governed. It turned out that this was a big mistake. As soon as Strafford was executed, the Irish Catholics rebelled against the Protestants, saying they were rebelling for the King.Although it was clear this was not true, Parliame nt did not trust the King when he asked them for an army, and so refused, believing he would use it to crush them instead. Notably, in contradiction to both Sources 5 and 6, Source 7 states that the gentry held no clear alignments as war broke out. There is said to be no â€Å"clear association† of wealth or political sympathies before the war, but correlations do appear in 1645. However, religion is considered to be far more decisive than any socio-economic correlation, suggesting that if any factor could be attributed to the taking of sides, it would in fact be religion.This is supported by the fact that in Yorkshire, over a third of the Royalist gentry were Catholics, and over half the Parliamentarians were Puritans. In contrast to the view that religion was the main influencing factor in the taking of sides among the gentry in 1642, it is also believed that economic interests were responsible for influencing the gentry. James was the first King to reign over both England and Scotland, and when he came down from Scotland it is said that he was astonished at how rich England was, while James had needed to borrow money for his travelling expenses.When James died in 1625, Charles came to the throne, and he, like his father, had very little money. Once Charles became King, the County Faction  wanted him to go to war with the Catholics in Spain, so Charles asked them for taxes to use on the war. They refused to pay enough, so the war was hopeless, and Parliament blamed the King for this. The reason Parliament granted so few taxes was that they wanted to make sure they were called again. Charles, a firm believer in the Divine Right of Kings, thought that he should not have to rule with Parliament, and the only thing that kept him calling it was money.One good example of the way Parliament made sure they were called back in Charles' reign was tonnage and poundage. These were duties imposed on certain imports and exports. It was normal for these duties to be decided in the first Parliament of a monarch's reign, but in the case of Charles, they only decided on it for one year, so the King would be forced to call them again. Although Charles tried to ask for more money, Parliament refused, because they believed he spent it on his favourites. Because of this, Charles had to get himself more money.He began using the Church Courts, exploiting taxes such as ‘ship money’, and selling monopolies and titles. He also opened a Court of Star Chamber, which he used to fine people heavily to raise money. Since the judges in the Star Chamber were officials of the Crown, and there was no jury, Charles could be sure of getting a favourable result. Parliament was furious with this, and immediately drew up the  Petition of Right, which asked the King to stop illegal taxation. The King signed it, but only because Parliament threatened to impeach Buckingham, one of the King's favourites.The quarrels about money went on, and eventually Char les decided to dissolve Parliament. He reigned without them for 11 years. When the new prayer book was brought into Scotland, a group called the Covenanters attempted to invade England. Charles called a Parliament to try and get taxes to fight the Covenanters, but they refused, so Charles dissolved them again. He was forced to pay the Scots ? 850 a day to stop them advancing, and eventually, in 1641, his money ran out, and he had to call Parliament – he was bankrupt and at their mercy, so money was definitely a key factor in the outbreak of the civil war.With the economic depression and impoverishment of the populace, the gentry were bound to rebel against the king. Source 5 suggests that this was the main reason why the gentry rebelled against the king. In contrast to Source 6 which suggests religion was the reason, Source 6 implies that the gentry were merely part of a â€Å"blind protest† against the depressing economic situation the found themselves in. In conclusi on it can be suggested that neither economic interest nor religion were individual influences in the taking of sides in 1642.It would be a much more accurate judgement to suggest that a mixture of the two were responsible. The combined fears of a popish plot and a continued depression, or even loyalty to the king may have motivated the gentry in taking sides. This is implied by the variety of evidence from all three sources, mention economic influences and significant religious motivations that would have been completely relevant to the population, but more specifically to the gentry.

Columbia Business School Programs and Admissions

Columbia Business School Programs and Admissions Columbia Business School is part of Columbia University, one of the worlds most esteemed private research universities. It is also one of six Ivy League business schools in the United States and part of the informal network of prestigious business schools known as the M7. Students who attend Columbia Business School have the benefit of studying in the heart of Manhattan in New York City and graduating with a degree from one of the most recognizable business schools in the world. But location and brand awareness are just two of the reasons why students enroll in the programs at this business school. Columbia is a popular business school due to its large alumni network, 200 electives, 100 student organizations, an ever-evolving curriculum taught by a respected faculty, and a reputation for groundbreaking research. Columbia Business School offers a range of program options for students at the graduate level. Students can earn an MBA, Executive MBA, Master of Science, or a Ph.D. The school also offers executive education programs for individuals and organizations. MBA Program The MBA program at Columbia Business School features a core curriculum that offers foundational knowledge in business topics like leadership, strategy, and global business. In their second term, MBA students are allowed to customize their education with electives. There are more than 200 electives to choose from; students also have the option of taking graduate-level classes at Columbia University to further diversify their studies. After being admitted to the MBA program, students are split into clusters consisting of about 70 people, who take their first-year classes together. Each cluster is further split into small teams of about five students, who complete core course assignments as a group. This cluster system is meant to encourage close relationships among diverse people who can challenge each other. MBA admissions at Columbia Business School are competitive. Only 15 percent of those who apply are admitted. Application requirements include two recommendations, three essays, one response to a short-answer question, GMAT or GRE scores, and academic transcripts. Interviews are by invitation only and are typically conducted by alumni. Executive MBA Programs Students in the Executive MBA program at Columbia Business School study the same curriculum under the same faculty as full-time MBA students. The main difference between the two programs is the format. The Executive MBA program is designed for busy executives who want to complete the program on the weekend or in 5-day blocks. Columbia Business School offers three different New York based programs: EMBA-NY Saturday: Students take classes every Saturday for 24 months.EMBA-NY Friday/Saturday: Students take classes every other Friday/Saturday for 20 months.EMBA-Americas: Students take classes in 5-6 day blocks once a month for 20 months. Columbia Business School also offers two EMBA-Global programs for students who would rather study outside of the United States. These programs are offered in partnership with the  London Business School and the University of Hong Kong. To apply to the EMBA program at Columbia Business School, students must be fully employed. They are required to submit a range of application materials, including two recommendations; three essays; one response to a short-answer question; GMAT, GRE, or Executive Assessment scores; and academic transcripts. Interviews are required for admission but are conducted by invitation only. Master of Science Programs Columbia Business School offers several Master of Science programs. Options include the: Master of Science in Financial Economics: A two-year program consisting of MBA and Ph.D. courses in finance and economics.Master of Science in Marketing Science: A one-year program consisting of core courses, MBA courses, and Ph.D. courses in marketing analytics.Master of Science in Accounting and Fundamental Analysis: A three-semester program consisting of MBA and Ph.D. courses in accounting and quantitative analysis. All of the Columbia Master of Science programs are designed to provide more focused study options than the Columbia MBA program but less of a time investment than the Columba Ph.D. program. Admission requirements vary by program. However, it should be noted that every program is competitive. You should have high academic potential and a record of academic achievement to be considered a candidate for any of the Master of Science programs. PhD Program The Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)  program at Columbia Business School is a full-time program that takes about five years to complete. The program is designed for students who want a career in research or teaching. Areas of study include accounting; decision, risk, and operations; finance and economics, management, and marketing. To apply to the Ph.D. program at Columbia Business School, you need at least a bachelors degree. A masters degree is recommended, but is not required. Application components include two references; an essay; a resume or CV; GMAT or GRE scores; and academic transcripts.

20 Narrative Essay Topics on Women Empowerment Essay

20 Narrative Essay Topics on Women Empowerment Essay Many students find themselves getting stuck right at the start of an essay due to not being able to choose the right topic. This is why we’ve created this guide where you are provided with 20 narrative essay topics on women empowerment essay to choose from. You no longer have to spend hours just doodling over what women empowerment topic to write on. Previously, we had discussed 10 facts for a narrative essay on women empowerment so that you can write a more liberal essay, while backing up your thoughts or ideas through credible sources and facts. And just so you know, in our final guide, how to write a narrative essay for women empowerment, you’ll be brought to speed on tips and tricks that enhance your writing and make the essay interesting to read Without further ado, here are 20 narrative essay topics on women empowerment: How an Increase in Women’s Education Results in Higher Economic Growth Merits of Reducing the Gap between Men’s and Women’s Labor Force Why Women Bear Disproportionate Responsibility for Housework Reasons Women Like to Work under Informal Employment Should Women be Paid Less than Men? If Not, Why is This Happening Today? Evidence Shows That Women Are Better at Harvesting Goods than Men Why is it That More Women Die in Natural Disasters than Men? How to Get Rid of Physical and Sexual Violence Against Women The Relationship between HIV and Lack of Women Empowerment Risks of Getting Sexually Harassed if You are a Woman The Frivolous Culture of Being Forced to Get Married at the Age of 18 Effects of an Early Marriage on Women Why 92% of Women in New Delhi Are Sexually Harassed by Men Reason why 70% of Women Are Subjected to Physical and/or Sexual Violence Gender Inequality: A Culture That Has Dominated the Entire Human Civilization Why Women Are Not Allowed to Drive or Work in Saudi Arabia How Education Can Empower Women to Say No to an Early Marriage Psychological Effects of Gender Parity and Inequality on Women How Education Can Help Save Millions of Mothers’ Lives Increasing Economic Growth through Women’s Labor Force There you go! Since there are 20 topics to choose from, we believe that it would now be very easy for you to start essay writing. If you are still unsure which topic to choose from, we recommend choosing a topic that you are most familiar with. As promised, we’ve written a sample narrative essay on women empowerment for you, so you can have a fairly good idea about how it should be written. Be sure to read our final guide before you start writing your narrative essay on women empowerment, which is all about â€Å"how to write a narrative essay on women empowerment†. The guide will help you write an exemplary essay and leave your professors in awe. Here is the sample narrative essay on women empowerment: Sample Narrative Essay: Psychological Effects of Gender Parity and Inequality on Women I remember when I was about 9 years old, I never really cared about what others thought about me and my gender – on the contrary, gender inequality was far from any thoughts. But when I started high school, I soon began to feel what it meant to be a woman. I have a brother who’s two years older than me though I was always consciously aware that he never knew how I feel about my life then and how I faced troublesome issues, growing up as a woman. I completed my Bachelors in Business Administration because I was interested to work in a financial firm, but these â€Å"firms† were not looking for females. In fact, their vacancies were only open to men. Because of this reason, I was unable to plan my future goals and wasted several years before I realized that I was under psychological stress. Getting rejected just because I was a woman, led me to believe that I am not worth living, which to make matters worse, led to depression, anxiety and insomnia. I didn’t want to involve my family in my personal affairs and all I can say when I look back is that my voice didn’t have the same weight as my brother’s did. Due to the reason that I couldn’t apply at a financial firm given my gender, I had to find a mid-level job and worked as a cashier in a local store for several years in order to financially support my studies, which enabled me to complete my Masters in Business Administration. These events, however, damaged my self-esteem and I felt a notable change in my mood, lifestyle and how I perceived myself. I didn’t care about how I looked or how others perceived me, as there was a fire in me to complete my education, but also fear that if I fail my exams, my dreams would permanently shatter into little pieces. Unfortunately, before I could finish my studies, my parents decided to marry me to someone whom they claimed had been â€Å"chosen very wisely†. At the time, I hadn’t given much thought to marriage as my focus was on completing my Master’s program, but since I was a woman, my voice had no weight and I had no say at all in the matter. At the age of 21, I was married off to a guy who was 8 years older than me. In the first few years, I was nothing but a â€Å"playtoy† for my husband but soon, he realized that I was in a lot of pain emotionally and needed a shoulder to lean on.   My husband soon started to understand me and tend to my needs; he encouraged me to complete my studies and loved me the way I truly wanted to be loved. Since that moment, I’ve realized that my parents did chose a great husband for me – a humble and loving individual who knew more about me than I knew myself. I now realize how many young women must have faced problems due to gender inequality. Thinking about those women and how they may not have caring and thoughtful husbands like mine, sends shivers down my spine and I feel sorry for them. I hope the world soon realizes how hard it is for women to live a life that they can only dream about. That’s wraps up our sample essay. Let’s head over to our last guide, how to write a narrative essay for women empowerment, where you familiarize yourself with tips, methods and tactics to improve your narrative writing and deliver an exemplary paper to your professor. References: DANIELLE ZIELINSKI, (2013) INFOGRAPHIC: THE DOLLARS AND SENSE OF FAMILY PLANNING PAI  http://pai.org/blog/infographic-the-dollars-and-sense-of-family-planning-2/ Susheela Singh and Jacqueline E. Darroch, (2012) Adding It Up: Costs and Benefits of Contraceptive Services Guttmacher Institute  https://www.guttmacher.org/report/adding-it-costs-and-benefits-contraceptive-services-estimates-2012 EFA Global Monitoring Report, UNESCO, (2011) Education Counts Towards the Millennium Development Goals  unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/ED/pdf/gmr-ec-4-50.pdf MAKERS Team, (2015) 21 Facts You Never Knew About International Gender Inequality MAKERS  makers.com/blog/21-facts-you-never-knew-about-international-gender-inequality UNICEF, (2014) Facts on Girls’ Education Press Center  unicef.org/media/media_45452.html (2013) The Millennium Development Goals Report – United Nations New York  un.org/millenniumgoals/pdf/report-2013/mdg-report-2013-english.pdf Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Gender Equality in Education, Employment and Entrepreneurship: Final Report to the MCM 2012. p. 17  oecd.org/employment/50423364.pdf.

High Performance Concrete Reinforced with Glass Fibres Essay

High Performance Concrete Reinforced with Glass Fibres - Essay Example In order to achieve performance-related properties specific to performance in HPC, attention should be directed to the combination of performance requirements (such as strength limits and permeability) and prescriptive requirements (such as air content limits or dosage of supplementary cementing material) (Ferraris and Lobo, 1998). Depending on the HPC mixtures examples of HPC include High-early-strength concrete, high-strength concrete, high-durability concrete, self-compacting concrete and reactive-powder concrete. High-Early-Strength Concrete (HESC) High-Early-Strength Concrete (also known as fast-track concrete), achieves its specified strength at an earlier age compared to normal concrete. This earlier age is the time period in which a specified strength should be achieved and may range between a few hours (or even minutes) to several days. Although it can be achieved using traditional concrete ingredients and concreting practices, the production of HESC will sometimes require s pecial materials or techniques. Depending on the age at which the specified strength must be achieved and on job conditions, one or a combination of the following can be used in the production of HESC: type III or He high-early strength cement, high cement content, low water-cementing materials ratio, higher curing temperature, higher freshly mixed concrete temperature, silica fume, chemical admixtures, special rapid hardening cements, insulation to retain heat of hydration, and/or steam and autoclave curing. High-early-strength concrete is used for prestressed concrete to allow for early stressing; precast concrete for rapid production of elements; high-speed cast-in-place construction; rapid form... High-Early-Strength Concrete (also known as fast-track concrete), achieves its specified strength at an earlier age compared to normal concrete. This earlier age is the time period in which a specified strength should be achieved and may range between a few hours (or even minutes) to several days. Although it can be achieved using traditional concrete ingredients and concreting practices, the production of HESC will sometimes require special materials or techniques. Depending on the age at which the specified strength must be achieved and on job conditions, one or a combination of the following can be used in the production of HESC: type III or He high-early strength cement, high cement content, low water-cementing materials ratio, higher curing temperature, higher freshly mixed concrete temperature, silica fume, chemical admixtures, special rapid hardening cements, insulation to retain heat of hydration, and/or steam and autoclave curing. High-early-strength concrete is used for prestressed concrete to allow for early stressing; precast concrete for rapid production of elements; high-speed cast-in-place construction; rapid form reuse; cold-weather construction; rapid repair of pavements to reduce traffic downtime; fast-track paving; and several other uses. In fast-track paving, use of HESC allows traffic to open within a few hours after concrete is placed.

Applied Analysis of the Carbon Price Mechanism in Australia Essay

Applied Analysis of the Carbon Price Mechanism in Australia - Essay Example The new Carbon Price Mechanism to be announced by Australian government will impact the social well-being of the consumers and will also affect the household budgets. However, the compensations proposed to be made by the government will reduce the adverse effects that these higher prices would have, otherwise, on the energy consumption patterns of the consumers. These effects may be well described with the help of Consumer choice theory. A basic assumption of Consumer choice theory is that the consumer wishes to maximize the utility. In other words, their decision making is rational. However, it is also assumed that the income available to a consumer to be spent is also limited. Subject to such available budget, the consumer seeks to maximize the total utility gained from consumption of goods and services. 1. EFFECT OF RISING PRICES ON ECONOMIC WELL-BEING OF CONSUMERS: As explained earlier, consumers have limited incomes. With these incomes, they wish to maximize their satisfaction. This satisfaction is gained through consuming goods and services. However, with limited incomes, there is a limitation on the consumption of goods. Where the consumer has equal preference for two goods, he is said to be indifferent between these two goods. The income of an individual consumer is shown in the diagram below. It is assumed that this income is divided by the consumer for the consumption of two products, one of which is the energy source shown along the X-axis. The economic well-being of the consumer is in that he uses both the goods to his entire satisfaction with his limited income. To explain the effect of rising prices on economic well-being of households, assume that the consumer has a limited income which is represented by Budget line BC1. This budget line in the graph shows that the consumer can divide his income between the energy source and other goods by such income. The indifference curve IC1 shows different consumption options available to the consumer for co nsumption generate equal utility to the consumer. But all the points situated on IC1 are located above the budget line except Point A. so, the consumer will get maximum satisfaction by utilizing X1 units of energy source and Y1 units of good Y. With corresponding increase in the price of energy source, the units which may be consumed by the consumer become less. So, the budget line is rotated inwards. New budget line obtained is BC2. The new indifference curve obtained after rising the price of energy source is IC2 and the new equilibrium point which generates maximum satisfaction for the consumers is B. at this point, the consumer will get maximum satisfaction by consuming X2 units of energy source and Y2 units of product Y. It is to be noted that due to rise of price of energy source, the consumption of both the products has been reduced. Thus, this will adversely affect the well-being of the consumer as the consumer will have to sacrifice the units of both the goods in order to a ttain equilibrium for the consumption of both the units. EFFECT OF RISING PRICES ON ENERGY CONSUMPTION PATTERNS OF HOUSEHOLDS: The rising prices will also affect the energy consumption patterns of the households. It will specially affect the consumption patterns if the consumers have an alternative source of energy. In case of rising prices, the consumer consumption pattern will be tilted towards that alternative source of energy. The budget line is BC1 before the price change and the IC will show the